Infec­tious etiology in acute diarrhea, referred several gastrointestinal diseases, Most are gastroenteri­tis associated with clinical signs and symptoms including: nausea, vomiting, abdomi­nal pain and cramps, bloating, flatulence, fever, passage of bloody stools, tenesmus, and fecal ur­gency disorders. Diarrheal illness is a large worldwide public health problem, with substantial regional variation, in the prevalence of medical signs by being caused by specific pathogens. Infectious diarrheal diseases, are the second leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and can cause real public health concerns. Such diarrhea was studied as a medical disorder, in a 3 years period, 2017 to 2020, in Transylvania a large region in Romania. It was found there, 3577 number of diarrheal diseases cases, appeared almost during July to August. The case incidence for the disease arrived at 65%, in the entire summer season. The cases data were transmitted by 12 district Sanitary Polices, to the Public Health Center Cluj. Cases were almost diagnosed by the family doctors of the region, in more then 50%. Few of this have need some days of hospitalization, because of several disease disorders, in which case it was used a specific adequate fluid and electrolyte replacement as key of the treatment, for managing diarrheal illnesses. Even so, 3 children under 5 years age died, because of severe complications. It was remarked so, organic failed who was estimate to be the cause of their deaths. Clinical and epidemiological evaluations were done and even defined the severity and type of this mentioned illnesses. The detected infectious etiology for the acute diarrheas, where determined in authorized Microbiology laboratories, where were identified: Shigella spp, Salmonella spp, Campylobacter spp, Yersinia spp, Rotavirus, Giardia. Most number of cases appeared in children, being suggestive in 63%, followed by elderly or adult people in 17% each. Acute diarrheal illness had to be considered a major public health issue, against which some determined control efforts are needed. Public health surveillance of infectious acute diarrhea, includes obligatory done strategies for a correct infection control.

Although the bat has unique characteristics compared to other mammals, but it currently enjoys a poor reputation, especially after being linked to being the source of the Corona virus, as international researchers recently published a large-scale research, which is the largest of its kind, about corona viruses in the bat, If this hypothesis is correct, then the Corona virus will be added to other dangerous viruses carried by the bat bird. The bird had caused, years ago, the spread of viruses such as “SARS” and “MERS”, because the bat can carry different viruses without getting sick. The bat is a "reservoir for viruses" that have caused a number of diseases and epidemics in Africa, Malaysia, Bangladesh and Australia. It is not limited to the mentioned viruses, as the bat carries an "Ebola" infection, and the "rabies" virus also carries. Other mammals. It is possible that other animal pests such as rodents may be related to reservoiror transmitting the Corona virus.

After having a meal, cholesterol is digested and absorbed in small intestine then the metabolism and storage occurred in the liver. The cholesterol may be secreted by the liver whenever the requirement of cholesterol is needed by the body. Cholesterol is not present in the food which is derived from the plants. We in this study have compared hypolipidemic effects of Fenugreek, Curcuma longa, and Lemon. Study was conducted at Jinnah Hospital Lahore-Pakistan from January 2016 to May 2016. Ninety hyperlipidemic patients of age group 19 to 70 were included in the study. Exclusion criteria were diabetic, alcoholic additives, hypertensive patients and those whose kidney or liver functions were impaired. Consent was taken from all participants. Their base line lipid profile was taken in biochemistry laboratory of the hospital. They were divided in three groups i.e. 30 patients in each group. Group-I was advised to take 500 mg of Curcuma longa (haldi) mixed in fresh milk without cream, thrice daily for two months. Group-II patients were advised to take 100 grams of Fenugreek leaves mixed with salad in each meal (thrice daily) for the period of two months. Group-III patients were advised to take 40 ml of fresh lemon juice mixed with 40 ml mineral water thrice daily for two months. They all were advised not to take heavy meal rich with any type of fat like junk food etc. One hour daily brisk walk was advised to all participants. 15 days follow up visit was scheduled for them. After two months their lipid profile was re-determined. When results were compiled and statistically analyzed by applying paired ‘t’ test, it revealed that Curcuma longa decreased total cholesterol, TG, LDL cholesterol 16.10, 20.01, and 17.59 mg/dl respectively. Fenugreek decreased total cholesterol, TGs, and LDL cholesterol 14.70, 17.33, and 17.06 mg/dl respectively. Lemon in two months therapy decreased total cholesterol, TGs, and LDL cholesterol 15.45, 10.13, and 11.97 mg/dl respectively. None of the above mentioned herbs raised HDL cholesterol significantly. It was concluded from this research work that Curcuma longa, Fenugreek leaves and Lemon are mild to moderately effective hypolipidemic herbs to lower total plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL cholesterol but have no potential to raise HDL cholesterol when analyzed.

A dream to have control over the cell behavior by nanoscale tools and nano-bio interface to mimic remodeling of cell mechanotransduction machinery, is an updated approach and the latest theme of current research. To achieve such a goal, the nanofabrication technique plays a key role in designing novel nanoscale tools capable of stimulating the natural extracellular matrix (ECM). These nano-bio tools can create a valuable nanoscale interface, and finally, these advanced tools control cell behavior. Structurally and compositionally, the cells are too complicated and well equipped with remarkable features. It has a lot of complexity in it. The initial hurdle is the natural composition of cells and the surroundings of the nanoscale. The cell is too complicated, and it is a difficult and tough task to determine the features of its areas. The emergence of nanoscale tools, which are capable of analyzing and performing by applying single-molecule with high precision is helping for boosting cellular events for enhancing biomedical claims. These tools and biomedical methods consist of nanomaterials that can perform as nanodevices, expose the cellular environment and simulate the cell-matrix interface. These biomedical methods are now considered major outfits for further analysis. To detect the surface patterning of the cells and concerned topographies of cellular environments, these nanoscale devices, and 3D microporous scaffolds derived from nanomaterials are the main equipment applied to exploit the hidden areas and undiscovered activities of the cell components.

Ajwain seeds contain 50% thymol, 7% carvacrol, 35% terpinene, 25% para-cymene, pinene, and limonene. They have anti-bacterial and anti-spasmodic effects, also founding usually in healthy Saudi-habits (called Nanakhah) with cheap-price using in different ways. The aim was to prove the health protection quality of Ajwain it was tested at a high-level region; Taif, KSA to trace its effect on the bacterial quantity of buccal-cavity and digestive-system tract. The seeds samples were collected from original licensed stores, In-Vivo experiments were done twice daily for a week for each step. The bacterial-quantity method was by turbidity and inoculation using "Bacterial Modern Culture". The mean results of bacterial-quantity of buccal-cavity as chewing method at (before, during, and after) were (39.6, 17.5, and 4.6%). The using boiled water extract as a mouthwash was (38.8, 16.7, and 4.1%). The mean results of seeds swallowing on bacterial-quantity of digestive-system were (61.3, 32.5, and 4.5%); the mean results of using boiled water extract on bacterial-quantity of digestive-system were (61.8, 31.6, and 3.9%). It was clear that the effect of bacterial quantity was reduced by about half during the use and to the tenth after the trial period. It was concluded that its use can kill and reduce (bacterial-quantity of both buccal-cavity and digestive-system), that supporting individual health at high-level region. It was recommended that since it is very cheap and get easy, as well to use usually in healthy Saudi-habits at high-level region daily to clean the whole digestive-system that will support public health with cheap price.